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An empirical technique for retrieving profiles of the square of theBrunt-V\ue4is\ue4l\ue4 frequency, ωB2, from MST radar returnsignal power is presented. The validity of the technique, which isapplied over the altitude range 1.0-15.7km, is limited to thosealtitudes at which the humidity contributions to the mean verticalgradient of generalised potential refractive index, M, can beignored. Although this is commonly assumed to be the case above thefirst few kilometres of the atmosphere, it is shown that humiditycontributions can be significant right up to the tropopauselevel. In specific circumstances, however, the technique is valid overlarge sections of the troposphere. Comparisons of radar- and(balloon-borne) radiosonde-derived ωB2 profiles aretypically quantitatively and qualitatively well matched. However, thehorizontal separation between the radar and the radiosondes (whichwere launched at the radar site) increases with increasingaltitude. Under conditions of mountain wave activity, which can behighly localised, large discrepancies can occur at lower-stratosphericaltitudes. This demonstrates the fact that radiosonde observationscannot necessarily be assumed to be representative of the atmosphereabove the launch site

Retrieval of atmospheric static stability from MST radar return signal power