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The vertical equivalent winds (VEWs) at the F-layer\udare analyzed along the 120°-150°E longitude sector with an\udemphasis on their latitudinal dependence. The VEWs are derived from the\udmonthly median data of fourteen ionosonde stations over two decades. The\udresults show that the VEWs have considerable dependences on the magnetic\udlatitude with an approximate symmetry about the magnetic equator. They are\udmostly controlled by the electric field drifts in the magnetic equatorial\udregion, and shift to be mostly contributed by neutral winds at mid-latitudes.\udThe relative contribution of the two dynamic factors is regulated by the\udmagnetic dip in addition to their own magnitudes. The VEWs generally have opposite\uddirections and different magnitudes between lower and higher latitudes. At\udsolar minimum, the magnitudes of VEWs are only between -20 and 20m/s at lower\udlatitudes, while at higher latitudes they tend to increase with latitudes,\udtypically having magnitudes between 20-40m/s. At solar maximum, the VEWs\udare reduced by about 10-20m/s in magnitudes during some local times at\udhigher latitudes. A tidal analysis reveals that the relative importance of\udmajor tidal components is also different between lower and higher latitudes.\ud\ud<P  style="line-height: 20px;">\udThe VEWs also depend on local time, season and solar activity. At higher\udlatitudes, the nighttime VEWs have larger magnitude during post-midnight\udhours and so do the daytime ones before midday. The VEWs tend to have an\udinverse relationship with solar activity not only at night, but also by day,\udwhich is different from the meridional winds predicted by the HWM93 model.\udThe latitudinal dependence of VEWs has two prevailing trends: one is a\udmaximum at the highest latitudes (as far as the latitudes concerned in the\udpresent work); the other is a mid-latitude maximum. These two latitudinal\udtrends are mostly dependent on season, while they depend relatively weakly on\udlocal time and solar activity. The latitudinal gradients of VEWs also show a\udtendency of a mid-latitude maximum, except that there are much stronger\udlatitudinal gradients at southern higher mid-latitudes in some seasons. The\udgradients during daytime are much smaller at solar maximum than minimum,\udwhereas they are generally comparable at night under both solar activity\udlevels

A climatology of the F-layer equivalent winds derived from ionosonde measurements over two decades along the 120°-150°E sector