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The ionospheric storm evolution process was monitored during the 22 September\ud1999 magnetic storm over the Australian eastern region, through measurements\udof the ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) from seven Global Positioning\udSystems (GPS) stations. The spatial and temporal variations of the ionosphere\udwere analysed as a time series of TEC maps. Results of our analysis show that\udthe main ionospheric effect of the storm under consideration are: the long\udlasting negative storm effect during a magnetic storm at mid-latitude regions;\udthe strong, positive disturbances during the storm's main phase at auroral latitude\udregions; the effects of storm-induced equatorward directed wind causing a\udpositive disturbance at high and mid-latitude stations with appropriate time\udshift between higher and lower latitudes; daytime poleward movement of\uddepleted plasma that causes temporary suppression of the equatorial anomaly\udduring the start of the storm recovery phase; and prompt penetration of eastward\udelectric fields to ionospheric altitudes and the production of nearly\udsimultaneous TEC enhancement at all latitudes. In general, we found dominant\udnegative disturbance over mid and high latitudes and positive disturbance at\udlow latitudes. A comparison of storm-time behaviour of TEC determined from\udGPS satellites, and foF2 derived from ionosondes at a range of\udlatitudes, showed reasonable agreement between the two independent\udmeasurements

The Southern Hemisphere and equatorial region ionization response for a 22 September 1999 severe magnetic storm