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We provide conclusive observational evidence demonstrating that a solar wind\udpressure pulse produces a twin-vortex system of ionospheric currents, while\uda stepwise pressure increase/decrease creates a single vortex structure, at\udhigh-latitude ground magnetograms. Multi-satellite (Wind, Geotail,\udInterball, IMP 8 and GOES 8) and multi-instrument observations of plasma and\udmagnetic field confirm with <I>in situ</I> measurements that solar wind inherent pressure\udpulses and stepwise variations strike on the Earth's magnetosphere in a\udglobal scale. The ground signatures are scrutinized in detail and the twin-\udor single-vortex current systems are studied using the IMAGE array stations.\udOne more finding of this work is that a single vortex can produce monopolar\udand bipolar features, depending on the station position relative to the\udoverhead travelling convection vortex (TCV). All of the above observational\udevidence confirms Glassmeier's (1992) prediction model that associates\udsolar wind's steep changes of pressure with ionospheric TCVs

Distinct solar wind pressure pulses producing convection twin-vortex systems in the ionosphere