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We report observations of ionospheric disturbances in response to a North Korean underground nuclear explosion (UNE) on 3 September 2017. By using data from IGS (International GNSS Service) stations and Swarm satellites, geomagnetic conjugate ionospheric disturbances were observed. The observational evidence showed that UNEgenerated ionospheric disturbances propagated radially from the UNE epicenter with a velocity of ∼ 280 m s−1. We propose that the ionospheric disturbances are results of electrodynamic process caused by LAIC (lithosphere–atmosphere– ionosphere coupling) electric field penetration. The LAIC electric field can also be mapped to the conjugate hemispheres along the magnetic field line and consequently cause ionospheric disturbances in conjugate regions. The UNEgenerated LAIC electric field penetration plays an important role in the ionospheric disturbances in the region of the nuclear test site nearby and the corresponding geomagnetic conjugate points.

Geomagnetic Conjugate Observations of Ionospheric Disturbances in response to North Korea Underground Nuclear Explosion on 3 September 2017