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To understand the very first steps of atmosphericparticle formation and growth processes, information on the size where theatmospheric nucleation and cluster activation occurs, is crucially needed.The current understanding of the concentrations and dynamics of charged andneutral clusters and particles is based on theoretical predictions andexperimental observations. This paper gives a standard operation procedure(SOP) for Neutral cluster and Air Ion Spectrometer (NAIS) measurements anddata processing. With the NAIS data, we have improved the scientificunderstanding by (1) direct detection of freshly formed atmospheric clustersand particles, (2) linking experimental observations and theoreticalframework to understand the formation and growth mechanisms of aerosolparticles, and (3) parameterizing formation and growth mechanisms foratmospheric models. The SOP provides tools to harmonize the world-widemeasurements of small clusters and nucleation mode particles and to verifyconsistent results measured by the NAIS users. The work is based ondiscussions and interactions between the NAIS users and the NAISmanufacturer

How to reliably detect molecular clusters and nucleation mode particles with Neutral cluster and Air Ion Spectrometer (NAIS)