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Theoretical analysis is conducted to reveal the informationcontent of aerosol vertical profile in space-borne measurements of thebackscattered radiance and degree of linear polarization (DOLP) in oxygen(O2) A and B bands. Assuming a quasi-Gaussian shape for aerosolvertical profile characterized by peak height H and half width γ (athalf maximum), the Unified Linearized Vector Radiative Transfer Model (UNL-VRTM)is used to simulate the Stokes four-vector elements of upwellingradiation at the top of atmosphere (TOA) and their Jacobians with respect toH and γ. Calculations for different aerosol types and differentcombinations of H and γ values show that the wide range of gasabsorption optical depth in O2 A and B band enables the sensitivity ofbackscattered DOLP and radiance at TOA to the aerosol layer at differentaltitudes. Quantitatively, DOLP in O2 A and B bands is found to be moresensitive to H and γ than radiance, especially over the brightsurfaces (with large visible reflectance). In many O2 absorptionwavelengths, the degree of freedom of signal (DFS) for retrieving H (or γ)generally increases with H (and γ) and can be close to unity inmany cases, assuming that the composite uncertainty from surface and aerosolscattering properties as well as measurements is less than 5 %. Furtheranalysis demonstrates that DFS needed for simultaneous retrieval of H andγ can beobtained from a combined use of DOLP measurements at  ∼ 10–100 O2 A and Babsorption wavelengths (or channels), depending on the specific values ofH. The higher the aerosol layer, the fewer number of channels for DOLPmeasurements in O2 A and B bands are needed for characterizing H andγ. Future hyperspectral measurements of DOLP in O2 A and Bbands are needed to continue studying their potential and their combinationwith radiance and DOLP in atmospheric window channels for retrieving thevertical profiles of aerosols, especially highly scattering aerosols, overland

Polarimetric remote sensing in oxygen A and B bands: sensitivity study and information content analysis for vertical profile of aerosols