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A variety of methods are used to measure the capability of particulate matter(PM) to catalytically generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vivo, alsodefined as the aerosol oxidative potential. A widely used measure of aerosoloxidative potential is the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay, which monitors thedepletion of DTT (a surrogate for cellular antioxidants) as catalyzed by theredox-active species in PM. However, a major constraint in the routine use ofthe DTT assay for integrating it with large-scale health studies is itslabor-intensive and time-consuming protocol. To specifically address thisconcern, we have developed a semi-automated system for quantifying theoxidative potential of aerosol liquid extracts using the DTT assay. Thesystem, capable of unattended analysis at one sample per hour, has a highanalytical precision (coefficient of variation of 15% for positivecontrol, 4% for ambient samples) and reasonably low limit of detection(0.31 nmol min−1). Comparison of the automated approach with themanual method conducted on ambient samples yielded good agreement(slope = 1.08 ± 0.12, r2 = 0.92, N = 9). The systemwas utilized for the Southeastern Center for Air Pollution & Epidemiology(SCAPE) to generate an extensive data set on DTT activity of ambientparticles collected from contrasting environments (urban, roadside, andrural) in the southeastern US. We find that water-soluble PM2.5 DTTactivity on a per-air-volume basis was spatially uniform and often wellcorrelated with PM2.5 mass (r = 0.49 to 0.88), suggesting regionalsources contributing to the PM oxidative potential in the southeastern US.The correlation may also suggest a mechanistic explanation (oxidative stress) for observed PM2.5mass-health associations. The heterogeneity in the intrinsic DTT activity (per-PM-mass basis)across seasons indicates variability in the DTT activity associated withaerosols from sources that vary with season. Although developed for the DTTassay, the instrument can also be used to determine oxidative potential withother acellular assays

atmospheric measurement techniques

A semi-automated system for quantifying the oxidative potential of ambient particles in aqueous extracts using the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay: results from the Southeastern Center for Air Pollution and Epidemiology (SCAPE)