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Uncertainties in the satellite-derived surface skin temperature (SST) datain the polar oceans during two periods (16–24 April  and 15–23 September)2003–2014 were investigated and the three data sets were intercompared asfollows: MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Ice SurfaceTemperature (MODIS IST), the SST of the Atmospheric InfraredSounder/Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AIRS/AMSU), and AIRS only. The AIRSonly algorithm was developed in preparation for the degradation of theAMSU-A. MODIS IST was systematically warmer up to 1.65 K at the sea iceboundary and colder down to −2.04 K in the polar sea ice regions of both theArctic and Antarctic than that of the AIRS/AMSU. This difference in theresults could have been caused by the surface classification method. Thespatial correlation coefficient of the AIRS only to the AIRS/AMSU(0.992–0.999) method was greater than that of the MODIS IST to the AIRS/AMSU(0.968–0.994). The SST of the AIRS only compared to that of the AIRS/AMSUhad a bias of 0.168 K with a RMSE of 0.590 K over the Northern Hemispherehigh latitudes and a bias of −0.109 K with a RMSE of 0.852 K over theSouthern Hemisphere high latitudes. There was a systematic disagreementbetween the AIRS retrievals at the boundary of the sea ice, because the AIRSonly algorithm utilized a less accurate GCM forecast over theseasonally varying frozen oceans than the microwave data. The three data sets(MODIS, AIRS/AMSU and AIRS only) showed significant warming rates(2.3 ± 1.7 ~ 2.8 ± 1.9 K decade<sup>−1</sup>) in the northernhigh regions (70–80° N) as expected from the ice-albedo feedback. Thesystematic temperature disagreement associated with surface typeclassification had an impact on the resulting temperature trends

Uncertainties of satellite-derived surface skin temperatures in the polar oceans: MODIS, AIRS/AMSU, and AIRS only