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Antarctic ice cores have been used to study the history of black carbon(BC), but little is known with regards to the physical and chemicalcharacteristics of these particles in the remote atmosphere.Characterization remains limited by ultra-trace concentrations in ice coresamples and the lack of adequate methods to isolate the particles unalteredfrom the melt water. To investigate the physical and chemicalcharacteristics of these particles, we have developed a tangential flowfiltration (TFF) method combined with transmission electron microscopy(TEM). Tests using ultrapure water and polystyrene latex particle standardsresulted in excellent blanks and significant particle recovery. Thisapproach has been applied to melt water from Antarctic ice cores as well astropical rain from Darwin, Australia with successful results: TEM analysisrevealed a variety of BC particle morphologies, insoluble coatings, and theattachment of BC to mineral dust particles. The TFF-based concentration ofthese particles has proven to give excellent results for TEM studies of BCparticles in Antarctic ice cores and can be used for future studies ofinsoluble aerosols in rainwater and ice core samples

Characterizing black carbon in rain and ice cores using coupled tangential flow filtration and transmission electron microscopy