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Microwave passive and active radiative transfer simulations are performedwith the Atmospheric Radiative Transfer Simulator (ARTS) for a mid-latitudesnowfall event, using outputs from the Meso-NH mesoscale cloud model. Theresults are compared to the corresponding microwave observations availablefrom MHS and CloudSat. The spatial structures of the simulated and observedbrightness temperatures show an overall agreement since the large-scaledynamical structure of the cloud system is reasonably well captured byMeso-NH. However, with the initial assumptions on the single-scatteringproperties of snow, there is an obvious underestimation of the strongscattering observed in regions with large frozen hydrometeor quantities. Asensitivity analysis of both active and passive simulations to themicrophysical parametrizations is conducted. Simultaneous analysis ofpassive and active calculations provides strong constraints on theassumptions made to simulate the observations. Good agreements are obtainedwith both MHS and CloudSat observations when the single-scattering propertiesare calculated using the "soft sphere" parametrization from Liu (2004),along with the Meso-NH outputs. This is an important step toward building arobust data set of simulated measurements to train a statistically basedretrieval scheme

atmospheric measurement techniques

Meso-scale modelling and radiative transfer simulations of a snowfall event over France at microwaves for passive and active modes and evaluation with satellite observations