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We present vM21 MIPAS temperatures from the lower stratosphere to the lowerthermosphere, which cover all optimized resolution measurements performed byMIPAS in the middle-atmosphere, upper-atmosphere and noctilucent-cloud modesduring its lifetime, i.e., from January 2005 to April 2012. The main upgradeswith respect to the previous version of MIPAS temperatures (vM11) are theupdate of the spectroscopic database, the use of a different climatology ofatomic oxygen and carbon dioxide, and the improvement in important technicalaspects of the retrieval setup (temperature gradient along the line of sightand offset regularizations, apodization accuracy). Additionally, an updatedversion of ESA-calibrated L1b spectra (5.02/5.06) is used. The vM21temperatures correct the main systematic errors of the previous versionbecause they provide on average a 1–2 K warmer stratopause and middlemesosphere, and a 6–10 K colder mesopause (except in high-latitude summers)and lower thermosphere. These lead to a remarkable improvement in MIPAScomparisons with ACE-FTS, MLS, OSIRIS, SABER, SOFIE and the two Rayleighlidars at Mauna Loa and Table Mountain, which, with a few specific exceptions,typically exhibit differences smaller than 1 K below 50 km and than 2 K at50–80 km in spring, autumn and winter at all latitudes, and summer at low tomidlatitudes. Differences in the high-latitude summers are typically smallerthan 1 K below 50 km, smaller than 2 K at 50–65 km and 5 K at65–80 km. Differences between MIPAS and the other instruments in themid-mesosphere are generally negative. MIPAS mesopause is within 4 K of theother instruments measurements, except in the high-latitude summers, when itis within 5–10 K, being warmer there than SABER, MLS and OSIRIS and colderthan ACE-FTS and SOFIE. The agreement in the lower thermosphere is typicallybetter than 5 K, except for high latitudes during spring and summer, whenMIPAS usually exhibits larger vertical gradients

MIPAS temperature from the stratosphere to the lower thermosphere: Comparison of vM21 with ACE-FTS, MLS, OSIRIS, SABER, SOFIE and lidar measurements