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The history of air masses is often investigated using backward trajectoriesto gain knowledge about processes along the air parcel path as well aspossible source regions. Here, we describe a refined approach thatincorporates airborne gas, aerosol, and environmental data into backtrajectories and show how this technique allows for simultaneous evaluationof air mass history and back trajectory reliability without the need tocalculate trajectory errors.  We use the HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT)model and add a simple semi-automated computing routine to facilitatehigh-frequency coverage of back trajectories initiated along freetropospheric (FT) flight tracks and profiles every 10 s. We integrate our insitu physiochemical data by color-coding each of these trajectories with itscorresponding in situ tracer values measured at the back trajectory startpoints along the flight path. The unique color for each trajectory aidsassessment of trajectory reliability through the visual clustering of airmass pathways of similar coloration.Moreover, marked changes in trajectories associated with marked changes evidentin measured physiochemical or thermodynamic properties of an air mass add credenceto trajectories. This is particularly true when these air mass properties arelinked to trajectory features characteristic of recognized sources or processes.This visual clustering of air mass pathways is of particular value for large-scale 3-D flight trackscommon to aircraft experiments where air mass features of interest are oftenspatially distributed and temporally separated.  The cluster-visualization tool used here reveals that most FT backtrajectories with pollution signatures measured in the central equatorialPacific reach back to sources on the South American continent over10 000 km away and 12 days back in time, e.g., the Amazonian basin. We alsodemonstrate the distinctions in air mass properties between these andtrajectories that penetrate deep convection in the Inter-Tropical ConvergenceZone. Additionally, for the first time we show consistency of modeledprecipitation along back trajectories with scavenging signatures in theaerosol measured for these trajectories

atmospheric measurement techniques

Combining airborne gas and aerosol measurements with HYSPLIT: a visualization tool for simultaneous evaluation of air mass history and back trajectory consistency