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In this paper a cloud mask and cloud fractional coverage (CFC) retrieval scheme  called HelioFTH is presented. The algorithm is self-calibrating and  relies on infrared (IR) window-channel observations only. It needs  no input from numerical weather prediction (NWP) or radiative  transfer models, nor from other satellite platforms. The scheme is  applicable to the full temporal and spatial resolution of the  Meteosat Visible and InfraRed Imager (MVIRI) and the Spinning  Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI) sensors. The main  focus is laid on the separation of middle- and high-level cloud  coverage (HCC) from low-level clouds based on an internal cloud-top  pressure (CTP) product.CFC retrieval employs a IR-only cloud mask based on an aggregated  rating scheme. CTP retrieval is based on a Heliosat-like cloud index  for the MVIRI IR channel. CFC from HelioFTH, the International  Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) DX and the Satellite  Application Facility on Climate Monitoring (CM SAF) were validated  with CFC from the Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) and  the Alpine Surface Radiation Budget (ASRB) network. HelioFTH CFC  differs by not more than 5–10% from CM SAF CFC but it is higher  than ISCCP-DX CFC. In particular the conditional probability to  detect cloud-free pixels with HelioFTH is raised by about 35%  compared to ISCCP-DX. The HelioFTH CFC is able to reproduce the  day-to-day variability observed at the surface.Also, the HelioFTH HCC was inter-compared to CM SAF and ISCCP-DX  over different regions and stations. The probability of false  detection of cloud-free HCC pixels is in the same order as  ISCCP-DX compared to the CM SAF HCC product over the full-disk  area. HelioFTH could be used for generating an independent climate  data record of cloud physical properties once its consistency and  homogeneity is validated for the full Meteosat time series

HelioFTH: combining cloud index principles and aggregated rating for cloud masking using infrared observations from geostationary satellites