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We established and evaluated a flask air sampling system ona cargo C-130H aircraft, as well as a trace gas measurement system for theflask samples, as part of a new operational monitoring program of the JapanMeteorological Agency (JMA). Air samples were collected during each flight,between Kanagawa Prefecture (near Tokyo) and Minamitorishima (an islandlocated nearly 2000 km southeast of Tokyo), from the air-conditioningsystem on the aircraft. Prior to the operational employment of the samplingsystem, a quality assurance test of the sampled air was made by speciallycoordinated flights at a low altitude of 1000 ft over Minamitorishima andcomparing the flask values with those obtained at the surface. Based on ourstorage tests, the flask samples remained nearly stable until analyses. Thetrace gas measurement system has, in addition to the nondispersive infrared(NDIR) and vacuum ultraviolet resonance fluorescence (VURF) analyzers, twolaser-based analyzers using wavelength-scanned cavity ring-down spectroscopy(WS-CRDS) and off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (ICOS).Laboratory tests of the laser-based analyzers for measuring flask samplesindicated relatively high reproducibility with overall precisions of lessthan ±0.06 ppm for CO2, ±0.68 ppb for CH4, ±0.36 ppb for CO, and ±0.03 ppb for N2O. Flask air samplemeasurements, conducted concurrently on different analyzers were compared.These comparisons showed a negligible bias in the averaged measurementsbetween the laser-based measurement techniques and the other methodscurrently in use. We also estimated that there are no significant isotopeeffects for CH4, CO and N2O using standard gases with industrialisotopic compositions to calibrate the laser-based analyzers, but CO2was found to possess isotope effects larger than its analytical precision

Evaluation of a new JMA aircraft flask sampling system and laboratory trace gas analysis system