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The aerodynamic gradient method is widely used for flux measurements ofammonia, nitric acid, particulate ammonium nitrate (theNH3-HNO3-NH4NO3 triad) and other water-soluble reactivetrace compounds. The surface exchange flux is derived from a measuredconcentration difference and micrometeorological quantities (turbulentexchange coefficient). The significance of the measured concentrationdifference is crucial for the significant determination of surface exchangefluxes. Additionally, measurements of surface exchange fluxes of ammonia,nitric acid and ammonium nitrate are often strongly affected by phasechanges between gaseous and particulate compounds of the triad, which makemeasurements of the four individual species (NH3, HNO3,NH4+, NO3− necessary for a correct interpretation ofthe measured concentration differences. We present here a rigorous analysis of results obtained with amulti-component, wet-chemical instrument, able to simultaneously measuregradients of both gaseous and particulate trace substances. Basis for ouranalysis are two field experiments, conducted above contrasting ecosystems(grassland, forest). Precision requirements of the instrument as well aserrors of concentration differences and micrometeorological exchangeparameters have been estimated, which, in turn, allows the establishment ofthorough error estimates of the derived fluxes of NH3, HNO3,NH4+, and NO3−. Derived median flux errors for thegrassland and forest field experiments were: 39% and 50% (NH3),31% and 38% (HNO3), 62% and 57% (NH4+), and47% and 68% (NO3−), respectively. Additionally, we providethe basis for using field data to characterize the instrument performance,as well as subsequent quantification of surface exchange fluxes andunderlying mechanistic processes under realistic ambient measurementconditions

atmospheric measurement techniques

Aerodynamic gradient measurements of the NH&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;3&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;-HNO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;3&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;-NH&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;4&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;NO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;3&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; triad using a wet chemical instrument: an analysis of precision requirements and flux errors