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Abstract. Aerosol heating due to shortwave absorption hasimplications for local atmospheric stability and regional dynamics. Thederivation of heating rate profiles from space-based observations ischallenging because it requires the vertical profile of relevant propertiessuch as the aerosol extinction coefficient and single-scattering albedo(SSA). In the southeastern Atlantic, this challenge is amplified by thepresence of stratocumulus clouds below the biomass burning plume advectedfrom Africa, since the cloud properties affect the magnitude of the aerosolheating aloft, which may in turn lead to changes in the cloud properties andlife cycle. The combination of spaceborne lidar data with passive imagersshows promise for future derivations of heating rate profiles and curtains,but new algorithms require careful testing with data from aircraftexperiments where measurements of radiation, aerosol, and cloud parametersare better colocated and readily available. In this study, we derive heating rate profiles and verticalcross sections (curtains) from aircraft measurements during the NASAObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and their intEractionS (ORACLES)project in the southeastern Atlantic. Spectrally resolved irradiancemeasurements and the derived column absorption allow for the separation oftotal heating rates into aerosol and gas (primarily water vapor) absorption.The nine cases we analyzed capture some of the co-variability of heatingrate profiles and their primary drivers, leading to the development of a newconcept: the heating rate efficiency (HRE; the heating rate per unit aerosolextinction). HRE, which accounts for the overall aerosol loading as wellas vertical distribution of the aerosol layer, varies little with altitudeas opposed to the standard heating rate. The large case-to-case variabilityfor ORACLES is significantly reduced after converting from heating rate toHRE, allowing us to quantify its dependence on SSA, cloud albedo, and solarzenith angle.

Biomass burning aerosol heating rates from the ORACLES (ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and their intEractionS) 2016 and 2017 experiments