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. Using data from the Infrared Atmospheric SoundingInterferometer (IASI) measurements of volcanic ash clouds (VACs) andradiative transfer calculations, we attempt to simulate the measuredbrightness temperature spectra (BTS) of volcanic ash aerosols in theinfrared region. In particular, the dependence on the ash refractive index(RI) model is investigated. We apply 21 RI models for the optical propertiesof ash particles, including recently published models. The results of BTSsimulations are evaluated using the root mean square (rms) of the brightnesstemperature difference between measurements and simulations for channels inthe wavenumber range of 750–1400 cm−1. The results of numericalsimulations for 156 pixels of IASI measurements for ash plumes from sevenvolcanoes indicated that some newly established RI models have smaller rmsthan those obtained with the conventional ash RI model. For some eruptionevents, the RI models deduced from the chemical composition of ash samplesfor the same volcanic eruption events simulate the measured BTS well. Theresults suggest that infrared sounder measurements and precise BTSsimulations of the VACs contribute to estimating the appropriate RI model insatellite VAC analysis.

atmospheric measurement techniques

Ash particle refractive index model for simulating the brightness temperature spectrum of volcanic ash clouds from satellite infrared sounder measurements