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. The cube root of the energy dissipation rate (EDR), as astandard reporting metric of atmospheric turbulence, is estimated using 1 Hzquick access recorder (QAR) data from Korean-based national air carrierswith two different types of aircraft (Boeing 737 (B737) and Boeing 777 (B777)), archivedfor 12 months from January to December 2012. The EDRs are estimated usingthree wind components (zonal, meridional, and derived vertical wind) and thederived equivalent vertical gust (DEVG) of the 1 Hz post-flight data byapplying all possible EDR methods. Wind components are used to calculatethree different EDRs, utilizing the second-order structure function, powerspectral density, and von Kármán wind spectrum and maximum-likelihood method. In addition, two DEVG-based EDRs are calculated using thelognormal mapping technique and the predefined parabolic relationshipbetween the observed EDR and DEVG. When the reliability of lower-rate (1 Hz)data to estimate the EDR is examined using the higher-rate (20 Hz) wind dataobtained from a tall tower observatory, it is found that the 1 Hz EDR can beunderestimated (2.19 %–12.56 %) or overestimated (9.32 %–10.91 %). In thisstudy, it is also found that the structure-function-based EDR shows loweruncertainty (2.19 %–8.14 %) than the energy spectrum-based EDRs(9.32 %–12.56 %) when the 1 Hz datasets are used. The observed EDR estimatesusing 1 Hz QAR data are examined in three strong turbulence cases that arerelevant to clear-air turbulence (CAT), mountain wave turbulence (MWT), andconvectively induced turbulence (CIT). The observed EDR estimates derivedfrom three different wind components show different characteristicsdepending on potential sources of atmospheric turbulence at cruisingaltitudes, indicating good agreement with selected strong turbulence caseswith respect to turbulence intensity and incident time. Zonal wind-basedEDRs are stronger in the CAT case that is affected by synoptic-scale forcingsuch as upper-level jet/frontal system. In the CIT case, vertical wind-basedEDRs are stronger, which is related to convectively induced gravity wavesoutside the cloud boundary. The MWT case has a peak of the EDR based on boththe zonal and vertical winds, which can be related to the propagation ofmountain waves and their subsequent breaking. It is also found that the CATand MWT cases occurred by synoptic-scale forcing have longer variations inthe observed EDRs before and after the turbulence incident, while the CITcase triggered by a mesoscale convective cell has an isolated peak of theEDR. Current results suggest that the 1 Hz aircraft data can be anadditional source of the EDR estimations contributing to expand more EDRinformation at the cruising altitudes in the world and that these data canbe helpful to provide a better climatology of aviation turbulence and asituational awareness of cruising aircraft.

Characteristics of the derived energy dissipation rate using the 1 Hz commercial aircraft quick access recorder (QAR) data