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. An improved cloud detection algorithm for the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) is presented. This new algorithm is based on a feedforwardartificial neural network and uses as input, for each MLS limb scan, a vector consisting of 1710 brightness temperatures provided by MLSobservations from 15 different tangent altitudes and up to 13 spectral channels in each of 10 different MLS bands. The model has been trained onglobal cloud properties reported by Aqua's Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). In total, the colocated MLS–MODIS data setconsists of 162 117 combined scenes sampled on 208 d over 2005–2020. A comparison to the current MLS cloudiness flag used in “Level 2”processing reveals a huge improvement in classification performance. For previously unseen data, the algorithm successfully detects &gt; 93 % ofprofiles affected by clouds, up from ∼ 16 % for the Level 2 flagging. At the same time, false positives reported for actually clearprofiles are comparable to the Level 2 results. The classification performance is not dependent on geolocation but slightly decreases overlow-cloud-cover regions. The new cloudiness flag is applied to determine average global cloud cover maps over 2015–2019, successfully reproducingthe spatial patterns of mid-level to high clouds seen in MODIS data. It is also applied to four example cloud fields to illustrate its reliableperformance for different cloud structures with varying degrees of complexity. Training a similar model on MODIS-retrieved cloud top pressure(pCT) yields reliable predictions with correlation coefficients &gt; 0.82. It is shown that the model can correctlyidentify &gt; 85 % of profiles with pCT &lt; 400 hPa. Similar to the cloud classification model, global maps and examplecloud fields are provided, which reveal good agreement with MODIS results. The combination of the cloudiness flag and predicted cloud top pressureprovides the means to identify MLS profiles in the presence of high-reaching convection.

Improved cloud detection for the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS): training an artificial neural network on colocated MLS and Aqua MODIS data