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. A full diurnal measurement of stratospheric columnNO2 has been made over the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Table MountainFacility (TMF) located in the mountains above Los Angeles, California, USA(2.286 km above mean sea level, 34.38∘ N, 117.68∘ W).During a representative week in October 2018, a grating spectrometermeasured the telluric NO2 absorptions in direct solar and lunarspectra. The stratospheric column NO2 is retrieved using a modifiedminimum-amount Langley extrapolation, which enables us to accurately treatthe non-constant NO2 diurnal cycle abundance and the effects oftropospheric pollution near the measurement site. The measured 24 h cycleof stratospheric column NO2 on clean days agrees with a 1-Dphotochemical model calculation, including the monotonic changes duringdaytime and nighttime due to the exchange with the N2O5 reservoirand the abrupt changes at sunrise and sunset due to the activation ordeactivation of the NO2 photodissociation. The observed daytimeNO2 increasing rate is (1.34±0.24)×1014 cm−2 h−1. The observed NO2 in one of the afternoons during themeasurement period was much higher than the model simulation, implying theinfluence of urban pollution from nearby counties. A 24 h back-trajectoryanalysis shows that the wind first came from inland in the northeast andreached southern Los Angeles before it turned northeast and finallyarrived at TMF, allowing it to pick up pollutants from Riverside County, OrangeCounty, and downtown Los Angeles.

atmospheric measurement techniques

Diurnal variability of stratospheric column NO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; measured using direct solar and lunar spectra over Table Mountain, California (34.38° N)