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. In this study we describe a methodology to create high-vertical-resolution SO2 profiles from volcanic emissions. Wedemonstrate the method's performance for the volcanic clouds following theeruption of Sarychev in June 2009. The resulting profiles are based on acombination of satellite SO2 and aerosol retrievals together withtrajectory modelling. We use satellite-based measurements, namely lidarbackscattering profiles from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with OrthogonalPolarization (CALIOP) satellite instrument, to create vertical profiles forSO2 swaths from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) aboard the Aquasatellite. Vertical profiles are created by transporting the air containingvolcanic aerosol seen in CALIOP observations using theFLEXible PARTicle dispersion model (FLEXPART) while preserving the high vertical resolution using thepotential temperatures from the MERRA-2 (Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Application) meteorological data for the originalCALIOP swaths. For the Sarychev eruption, air tracers from 75 CALIOP swathswithin 9 d after the eruption are transported forwards and backwards andthen combined at a point in time when AIRS swaths cover the completevolcanic SO2 cloud. Our method creates vertical distributions forcolumn density observations of SO2 for individual AIRS swaths, usingheight information from multiple CALIOP swaths. The resulting dataset givesinsight into the height distribution in the different sub-clouds of SO2within the stratosphere. We have compiled a gridded high-vertical-resolutionSO2 inventory that can be used in Earth system models, with a verticalresolution of 1 K in potential temperature, 61 ± 56 m, or 1.8 ± 2.9 mbar.

atmospheric measurement techniques

Methodology to obtain highly resolved SO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; vertical profiles for representation of volcanic emissions in climate models