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. Laser active remote sensing of tropospheric water vapor is apromising technology to complement passive observational means in order toenhance our understanding of processes governing the global hydrologicalcycle. In such a context, we investigate the potential of monitoring bothwater vapor H216O and its isotopologue HD16O using adifferential absorption lidar (DIAL) allowing for ground-based remotemeasurements at high spatio-temporal resolution (150 m and 10 min) in thelower troposphere. This paper presents a sensitivity analysis and an errorbudget for a DIAL system under development which will operate in the2 µm spectral region. Using a performance simulator, the sensitivity of the DIAL-retrieved mixing ratios to instrument-specific and environmental parameters is investigated. This numerical study uses different atmospheric conditions ranging from tropical to polar latitudes with realistic aerosol loads. Our simulations show that the measurement of the main isotopologue H216O is possible over the first 1.5 km of atmosphere with a relative precision in the water vapor mixing ratio of&lt;1 % in a mid-latitude or tropical environment. For themeasurement of HD16O mixing ratios under the same conditions, relativeprecision is found to be slightly lower but still sufficient for theretrieval of range-resolved isotopic ratios with precisions in δD of afew per mil. We also show that expected precisions vary by an order ofmagnitude between tropical and polar conditions, the latter giving rise topoorer sensitivity due to low water vapor content and low aerosol load. Suchvalues have been obtained for a commercial InGaAs PIN photodiode, as well asfor temporal and line-of-sight resolutions of 10 min and 150 m, respectively.Additionally, using vertical isotopologue profiles derived from a previousfield campaign, precision estimates for the HD16O isotopic abundanceare provided for that specific case.

atmospheric measurement techniques

Differential absorption lidar for water vapor isotopologues in the 1.98 µm spectral region: sensitivity analysis with respect to regional atmospheric variability