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. We present a local-scale atmospheric inversion framework to estimate thelocation and rate of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2)releases from point sources. It relies on mobile near-ground atmosphericCH4 and CO2 mole fraction measurements across the correspondingatmospheric plumes downwind of these sources, on high-frequencymeteorological measurements, and on a Gaussian plume dispersion model. Theframework exploits the scatter of the positions of the individual plumecross sections, the integrals of the gas mole fractions above the backgroundwithin these plume cross sections, and the variations of these integrals fromone cross section to the other to infer the position and rate of thereleases. It has been developed and applied to provide estimates of briefcontrolled CH4 and CO2 point source releases during a 1-weekcampaign in October 2018 at the TOTAL experimental platform TADI in Lacq,France. These releases typically lasted 4 to 8 min and covered a widerange of rates (0.3 to 200 g CH4/s and 0.2 to 150 g CO2/s) to testthe capability of atmospheric monitoring systems to react fast to emergencysituations in industrial facilities. It also allowed testing of theircapability to provide precise emission estimates for the application ofclimate change mitigation strategies. However, the low and highly varyingwind conditions during the releases added difficulties to the challenge ofcharacterizing the atmospheric transport over the very short duration of thereleases. We present our series of CH4 and CO2 mole fractionmeasurements using instruments on board a car that drove along roads∼50 to 150 m downwind of the 40 m × 60 m area forcontrolled releases along with the estimates of the release locations andrates. The comparisons of these results to the actual position and rate ofthe controlled releases indicate ∼10 %–40 % averageerrors (depending on the inversion configuration or on the series of tests)in the estimates of the release rates and ∼30–40 m errors inthe estimates of the release locations. These results are shown to bepromising, especially since better results could be expected for longerreleases and under meteorological conditions more favorable to local-scaledispersion modeling. However, the analysis also highlights the need formethodological improvements to increase the skill for estimating the sourcelocations.

atmospheric measurement techniques

Mobile atmospheric measurements and local-scale inverse estimation of the location and rates of brief CH&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;4&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; and CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; releases from point sources