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. Global wind profile measurement has, for a long time, been a firstpriority for numerical weather prediction. The demonstration, fromground-based observations, that a double-edge Fabry–Pérot interferometercould be efficiently used for deriving wind profiles from the molecularscattered signal in a very large atmospheric vertical domain has led to thechoice of the direct detection technique in space and the selection of theAtmospheric Dynamics Mission (ADM)-Aeolus by the European Space Agency (ESA) in 1999. ADM-Aeolus wassuccessfully launched in 2018, after the technical issues raised by thelidar development had been solved, providing the first global wind profiles fromspace in the whole troposphere. Simulated and real-time assimilation of theprojected horizontal wind information was able to confirm the expectedimprovements in the forecast score, validating the concept of a wind profiler using a single line-of-sight lidar from space. The question is raised here about consolidating the results gained fromADM-Aeolus mission with a potential operational follow-on instrument.Maintaining the configuration of the instrument as close as possible to theone achieved (UV emission lidar with a single line of sight), we revisit theconcept of the receiver by replacing the arrangement of the Fizeau andFabry–Pérot interferometers with a unique quadri-channel Mach–Zehnder (QMZ)interferometer, which relaxes the system's operational constraints and extendsthe observation capabilities to recover the radiative properties of clouds.This ability to profile wind and cloud/aerosol radiative properties enablesthe meeting of the two highest priorities of the meteorological forecasting communityregarding atmospheric dynamics and radiation. We discuss the optimization of the key parameters necessary in the selectionof a high-performance system, as based on previous work and development ofour airborne QMZ lidar. The selected optical path difference (3.2 cm) of theQMZ leads to a very compact design, allowing the realization of a high-quality interferometer and offering a large field angle acceptance.Performance simulation of horizontal wind speed measurements with differentbackscatter profiles shows results in agreement with the targeted ADM-Aeolusrandom errors, using an optimal 45∘ line-of-sight angle. TheDoppler measurement is, in principle, unbiased by the atmosphericconditions (temperature, pressure, and particle scattering) and only weaklyaffected by the instrument calibration errors. The study of the errorsarising from the uncertainties in the instrumental calibration and in themodeled atmospheric parameters used for the backscattered signal analysisshows a limited impact under realistic conditions. The particle backscattercoefficients can be retrieved with uncertainties better than a few percentwhen the scattering ratio exceeds 2, such as in the boundary layer and insemi-transparent clouds. Extinction coefficients can be derived accordingly. The chosen design further allows the addition of a dedicated channel for aerosol and cloud polarization analysis.

A new lidar design for operational atmospheric wind and cloud/aerosol survey from space