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. A portable emission measurement system (PEMS) was used tomeasure the real-world driving emissions pertaining to a Japanesemiddle-sized heavy-duty vehicle. The testing was performed with the vehiclebeing driven in the metropolitan area of Tokyo in four seasons (January,June, August, and November) to analyze the seasonal dependence of NOxand CO2 emissions. The experimental results indicated that the amountof NOx emissions was particularly high in the cold season owing to theslow starting of the NOx after-treatment systems, which is to say the exhaustgas recirculation and urea-selective-catalytic-reduction systems, under low-ambient-temperature conditions. In real-world driving, a highacceleration pattern was observed in the low-speed region which is notconsidered in the world harmonized vehicle cycle, which is the worldwideofficial driving mode in the chassis dynamometer experiment. Finally, thetransient emission tables for NOx and CO2 were constructed basedon the PEMS measurement results and the classical mechanic theory. Theconstructed tables replicated well the experimental results in all theconsidered conditions involving different ambient temperatures andlocations. The proposed approach can be used to evaluate emissioninventories in the future.

atmospheric measurement techniques

Real-world measurement and mechanical-analysis-based verification of NO&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; and CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissions from an in-use heavy-duty vehicle