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. The cloud particle concentration, size, and shape data from optical arrayprobes (OAPs) are routinely used to parameterise cloud properties andconstrain remote sensing retrievals. This paper characterises the opticalresponse of OAPs using a combination of modelling, laboratory, and fieldexperiments. Significant uncertainties are found to exist with such probesfor ice crystal measurements. We describe and test two independent methodsto constrain a probe's sample volume that remove the most severelymis-sized particles: (1) greyscale image analysis and (2) co-location usingstereoscopic imaging. These methods are tested using field measurements fromthree research flights in cirrus. For these cases, the new methodologiessignificantly improve agreement with a holographic imaging probe compared toconventional data-processing protocols, either removing or significantlyreducing the concentration of small ice crystals (&lt; 200 µm)in certain conditions. This work suggests that the observational evidencefor a ubiquitous mode of small ice particles in ice clouds is likely due toa systematic instrument bias. Size distribution parameterisations based onOAP measurements need to be revisited using these improved methodologies.

Characterising optical array particle imaging probes: implications for small-ice-crystal observations