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. Ozone (O3) plays a significant role in weather andclimate on regional to global spatial scales. Most studies on thevariability in the total column of O3 (TCO) are typically carried outusing daytime data. Based on knowledge of the chemistry and transport ofO3, significant deviations between daytime and night-time O3 areonly expected either in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) or high in thestratosphere or mesosphere, with little effect on the TCO. Hence, weexpect the daytime and night-time TCO to be very similar. However, a detailedevaluation of satellite measurements of daytime and night-time TCO is stilllacking, despite the existence of long-term records of both. Thus, comparingdaytime and night-time TCOs provides a novel approach to verifying theretrieval algorithms of instruments such as the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS)and the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS). In addition, such a comparison alsohelps to assess the value of night-time TCO for scientific research.Applying this verification on the AIRS and the MLS data, we identifiedinconsistencies in observations of O3 from both satelliteinstruments. For AIRS, daytime–night-time differences were found over oceansresembling cloud cover patterns and over land, mostly over dry land areas,which is likely related to infrared surface emissivity. These differences point toissues with the representation of both processes in the AIRS retrievalalgorithm. For MLS, a major issue was identified with the“ascending–descending” orbit flag, used to discriminate night-time anddaytime MLS measurements. Disregarding this issue, MLS day–night differenceswere significantly smaller than AIRS day–night differences, providingadditional support for the retrieval method origin of AIRS in stratosphericcolumn ozone (SCO) day–night differences. MLS day–night differences aredominated by the upper-stratospheric and mesospheric diurnal O3 cycle. These results provide useful information for improving infraredO3 products.

atmospheric measurement techniques

Verification of the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) ozone algorithms based on retrieved daytime and night-time ozone