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. Gas flaring is an important source of atmosphericsoot–black carbon, especially in sensitive Arctic regions. However,emissions have traditionally been challenging to measure and remain poorlycharacterized, confounding international reporting requirements and addinguncertainty to climate models. The sky-LOSA optical measurement techniquehas emerged as a powerful means to quantify flare black carbon emissions inthe field, but broader adoption has been hampered by the complexity of itsdeployment, where decisions during setup in the field can have profound,non-linear impacts on achievable measurement uncertainties. To address thischallenge, this paper presents a prescriptive measurement protocol andassociated open-source software tool that simplify acquisition of sky-LOSAdata in the field. Leveraging a comprehensive Monte Carlo-based generaluncertainty analysis (GUA) to predict measurement uncertainties over theentire breadth of possible measurement conditions, general heuristics areidentified to guide a sky-LOSA user toward optimal data collection. Theseare further extended in the open-source software utility, SetupSkyLOSA, which interpretsthe GUA results to provide detailed guidance for any specific combination oflocation, date–time, and flare, plume, and ambient conditions. Finally, acase study of a sky-LOSA measurement at an oil and gas facility in Mexico isused to demonstrate the utility of the software tool, where potentiallysmall regions of optimal instrument setup are easily and quicklyidentified. It is hoped that this work will help increase the accessibilityof the sky-LOSA technique and ultimately the availability of fieldmeasurement data for flare black carbon emissions.

An uncertainty-based protocol for the setup and measurement of soot–black carbon emissions from gas flares using sky-LOSA