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. A new facility has been developed which allows for a stable and reproducible production ofambient-like model aerosols (PALMA) in the laboratory. The set-up consists of multiple aerosolgenerators, a custom-made flow tube homogeniser, isokinetic sampling probes, and a system tocontrol aerosol temperature and humidity. Model aerosols containing elemental carbon, secondaryorganic matter from the ozonolysis of α -pinene, inorganic salts such as ammonium sulfateand ammonium nitrate, mineral dust particles, and water were generated under different environmentalconditions and at different number and mass concentrations. The aerosol physical and chemicalproperties were characterised with an array of experimental methods, including scanning mobilityparticle sizing, ion chromatography, total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy andthermo-optical analysis. The facility is very versatile and can find applications in thecalibration and performance characterisation of aerosol instruments monitoring ambient air. Inthis study, we performed, as proof of concept, an intercomparison of three different commercialPM (particulate matter) monitors (TEOM 1405, DustTrak DRX 8533 and Fidas Frog) with thegravimetric reference method under three simulated environmental scenarios. The results arepresented and compared to previous field studies. We believe that the laboratory-based method forsimulating ambient aerosols presented here could provide in the future a useful alternative totime-consuming and expensive field campaigns, which are often required for instrumentcertification and calibration.

atmospheric measurement techniques

Facility for production of ambient-like model aerosols (PALMA) in the laboratory: application in the intercomparison of automated PM monitors with the reference gravimetric method