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Abstract. Atmospheric HONO mixing ratios in indoor and outdoor environments span arange of less than a few parts per trillion by volume (pptv) up to tens ofparts per billion by volume (ppbv) in combustion plumes. Previous HONOcalibration sources have utilized proton transfer acid displacement fromnitrite salts or solutions, with output that ranges from tens to thousandsof ppbv. Instrument calibrations have thus required large dilution flows toobtain atmospherically relevant mixing ratios. Here we present a simpleuniversal source to reach very low HONO calibration mixing ratios using anitrite-coated reaction device with the addition of humid air and/or HClfrom a permeation device. The calibration source developed in this work cangenerate HONO across the atmospherically relevant range and has high purity(&gt; 90 %), reproducibility, and tunability. Mixing ratios atthe tens of pptv level are easily reached with reasonable dilution flows.The calibration source can be assembled to start producing stable HONOmixing ratios (relative standard error, RSE ≤ 2 %) within 2 h, with outputconcentrations varying ≤ 25 % following simulated transport orcomplete disassembly of the instrument and with ≤ 10 % under idealconditions. The simplicity of this source makes it highly versatile forfield and lab experiments. The platform facilitates a new level of accuracyin established instrumentation, as well as intercomparison studies toidentify systematic HONO measurement bias and interferences.

A portable, robust, stable, and tunable calibration source for gas-phase nitrous acid (HONO)