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. Improvement of cloud modelling for global andregional climate and weather studies requires comprehensive information onmany cloud parameters. This information is delivered by remote observationsof clouds from ground-based and space-borne platforms using differentmethods and processing algorithms. Cloud liquid water path (LWP) is one ofthe main obtained quantities. Previously, measurements of LWP by theSEVIRI (Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager) and AVHRR (Advanced Very HighResolution Radiometer) satellite instruments provided evidence for thesystematic differences between LWP values over land and water areas innorthern Europe. An attempt is made to detect such differences by means ofground-based microwave observations performed near the coastline of the Gulfof Finland in the vicinity of St Petersburg, Russia. The microwaveradiometer (RPG-HATPRO, Radiometer Physics GmbH – Humidity And Temperature PROfiler), located 2.5 km from the coastline, is functioning inthe angular scanning mode and is probing the air portions over land (atan elevation angle of 90∘) and over water (at seven elevation anglesin the range 4.8–30∘). The influence of theland–sea LWP difference on the brightness temperature values in the 31.4 GHzspectral channel has been demonstrated, and the following features have beendetected: (1) an interfering systematic signal is present in the 31.4 GHzchannel, which can be attributed to the humidity horizontal gradient, (2) cloudsover the opposite shore of the Gulf of Finland mask the LWP gradient effect.Preliminary results of the retrieval of LWP over water by the statisticalregression method applied to the microwave measurements by HATPRO in the31.4 and 22.24 GHz channels are presented. The monthly averaged resultsare compared to the corresponding values derived from the satelliteobservations by the SEVIRI instrument and from the reanalysis data.

atmospheric measurement techniques

Detection of the cloud liquid water path horizontal inhomogeneity in a coastline area by means of ground-based microwave observations: feasibility study