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. Solar radiation is the ultimate source of energy flowing through theatmosphere; it fuels all atmospheric motions. The visible-wavelength range ofsolar radiation represents a significant contribution to the earth's energybudget, and visible light is a vital indicator for the composition andthermodynamic processes of the atmosphere from the smallest weather scales to thelargest climate scales. The accurate and fast description of lightpropagation in the atmosphere and its lower-boundary environment istherefore of critical importance for the simulation and prediction ofweather and climate. Simulated Weather Imagery (SWIm) is a new, fast, and physically based visible-wavelength three-dimensional radiative transfer model. Given the location andintensity of the sources of light (natural or artificial) and thecomposition (e.g., clear or turbid air with aerosols, liquid or ice clouds, precipitating rain, snow, and ice hydrometeors) of the atmosphere, itdescribes the propagation of light and produces visually and physicallyrealistic hemispheric or 360 ∘ spherical panoramic color images ofthe atmosphere and the underlying terrain from any specified vantage pointeither on or above the earth's surface. Applications of SWIm include the visualization of atmospheric and landsurface conditions simulated or forecast by numerical weather or climateanalysis and prediction systems for either scientific or lay audiences.Simulated SWIm imagery can also be generated for and compared with observedcamera images to (i) assess the fidelity and (ii) improve the performanceof numerical atmospheric and land surface models. Through the useof the latter in a data assimilation scheme, it can also (iii) improve the estimate ofthe state of atmospheric and land surface initial conditions for situationalawareness and numerical weather prediction forecast initialization purposes.

A fast visible-wavelength 3D radiative transfer model for numerical weather prediction visualization and forward modeling