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. Ice-nucleating particles (INPs) affect cloud development,lifetime, and radiative properties, hence it is important to know theabundance of INPs throughout the atmosphere. A critical factor indetermining the lifetime and transport of INPs is their size; however verylittle size-resolved atmospheric INP concentration information exists. Herewe present the development and application of a radio-controlled payloadcapable of collecting size-resolved aerosol from a tethered balloon for theprimary purpose of offline INP analysis. This payload, known as the SHARK(Selective Height Aerosol Research Kit), consists of two complementarycascade impactors for aerosol size-segregation from 0.25 to 10  µ m,with an after-filter and top stage to collect particles below and above thisrange at flow rates of up to 100 L min −1 . The SHARK also contains anoptical particle counter to quantify aerosol size distribution between 0.38and 10  µ m, and a radiosonde for the measurement of temperature,pressure, GPS altitude, and relative humidity. This is all housed within aweatherproof box, can be run from batteries for up to 11 h, and has a totalweight of 9 kg. The radio control and live data link with the radiosondeallow the user to start and stop sampling depending on meteorologicalconditions and height, which can, for example, allow the user to avoidsampling in very humid or cloudy air, even when the SHARK is out of sight.While the collected aerosol could, in principle, be studied with an array ofanalytical techniques, this study demonstrates that the collected aerosolcan be analysed with an offline droplet freezing instrument to determinesize-resolved INP concentrations, activated fractions, and active sitedensities, producing similar results to those obtained using a standardPM 10 aerosol sampler when summed over the appropriate size range.Test data, where the SHARK was sampling near ground level or suspended froma tethered balloon at 20 m altitude, are presented from four contrastinglocations having very different size-resolved INP spectra: Hyytiala(southern Finland), Leeds (northern England), Longyearbyen (Svalbard), andCardington (southern England).

Resolving the size of ice-nucleating particles with a balloon deployable aerosol sampler: the SHARK