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. In this paper we evaluate new retrievals of the deuterium content of watervapor from the Aqua Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder (AIRS), with aircraftmeasurements of HDO and H2O from the ObseRvations of Aerosols aboveClouds and their intEractionS (ORACLES) field mission. Single-footprint AIRSradiances are processed with an optimal estimation algorithm that providesvertical profiles of the HDO∕H2O ratio, characterized uncertaintiesand instrument operators (i.e., averaging kernel matrix). These retrievalsare compared to vertical profiles of the HDO∕H2O ratio from the OregonState University Water Isotope Spectrometer for Precipitation andEntrainment Research (WISPER) on the ORACLES NASA P-3B Orion aircraft.Measurements were taken over the southeastern Atlantic Ocean from 31 August to25 September 2016. HDO∕H2O is commonly reported in δ D notation,which is the fractional deviation of the HDO∕H2O ratio from thestandard reference ratio. For collocated measurements, the satelliteinstrument operator (averaging kernels and a priori constraint) is appliedto the aircraft profile measurements. We find that AIRS δ D biasrelative to the aircraft is well within the estimated measurementuncertainty. In the lower troposphere, 1000 to 800 hPa, AIRS δ D biasis −6.6  ‰ and the root-mean-square (rms) deviation is20.9 ‰, consistent with the calculated uncertainty of19.1 ‰. In the mid-troposphere, 800 to 500 hPa, AIRS δ D bias is −6.8  ‰ and rms44.9 ‰, comparable to the calculated uncertainty of25.8 ‰.

Comparison of optimal estimation HDO∕H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O retrievals from AIRS with ORACLES measurements

Comparison of optimal estimation HDO∕H<sub>2</sub>O retrievals from AIRS with ORACLES measurements