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. The first intensive multicomponent ground-based remote-sensingobservations by sky radiometer and multi-axis differential optical absorptionspectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) were performed simultaneously at the SKYNET Phimaisite located in central Thailand (15.18 ∘  N, 102.56 ∘  E)from January to April 2016. The period corresponds to the dry seasonassociated with intense biomass burning (BB) activity around the site.The near-surface concentration of formaldehyde (HCHO) retrieved from MAX-DOASwas found to be a useful tracer for absorption aerosols from BB plumes, whenBB was the dominant source of HCHO and absorption aerosols over othersources. As the HCHO concentration tripled from 3 to 9 ppbv, the ratio ofgaseous glyoxal to HCHO concentrations in daytime decreased from ∼0.04 to ∼0.03 , responding presumably to theincreased contribution of volatile organic compound emissions from BB. Inaddition, clear increases in aerosol absorption optical depths (AAODs)retrieved from sky radiometer observations were seen with the HCHOenhancement. At a HCHO of 9 ppbv, AAOD at a wavelength of 340 nm reached ashigh as ∼ 0.15 ± 0.03 . The wavelength dependence of AAODsat 340–870 nm was quantified by the absorption Angstrom exponent(AAE), providing evidence for the presence of brown carbon aerosols at an AAEof 1.5±0.2 . Thus, our multicomponent observations around centralThailand are expected to provide unique constraints for understandingphysical–chemical–optical properties of BB plumes.

Simultaneous observations by sky radiometer and MAX-DOAS for characterization of biomass burning plumes in central Thailand in January–April 2016