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. We examine the potential for global detection of methane plumes fromindividual point sources with the new generation of spaceborne imagingspectrometers (EnMAP, PRISMA, EMIT, SBG, CHIME) scheduled for launch in2019–2025. These instruments are designed to map the Earth's surface at highspatial resolution ( 30 m×30 m ) and have a spectral resolutionof 7–10 nm in the 2200–2400 nm band that should also allow useful detectionof atmospheric methane. We simulate scenes viewed by EnMAP (10 nm spectralresolution, 180 signal-to-noise ratio) using the EnMAP end-to-end simulation tool with superimposed methane plumes generated by large-eddy simulations.We retrieve atmospheric methane and surface reflectivity for these scenesusing the IMAP-DOAS optimal estimation algorithm. We find an EnMAP precisionof 3 %–7 % for atmospheric methane depending on surface type. This allowseffective single-pass detection of methane point sources as small as 100 kg h −1 depending on surface brightness, surface homogeneity, and wind speed. Successful retrievals over very heterogeneous surfaces such as anurban mosaic require finer spectral resolution. We tested the EnMAPcapability with actual plume observations over oil/gas fields in Californiafrom the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer – Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG) sensor ( 3 m×3 m pixel resolution,5 nm spectral resolution, SNR 200–400), by spectrally and spatiallydownsampling the AVIRIS-NG data to match EnMAP instrument specifications.Results confirm that EnMAP can successfully detect point sources of ∼100  kg h −1 over bright surfaces. Source rates inferredwith a generic integrated mass enhancement (IME) algorithm were lower forEnMAP than for AVIRIS-NG. Better agreement may be achieved with a morecustomized IME algorithm. Our results suggest that imaging spectrometers inspace could play an important role in the future for quantifying methaneemissions from point sources worldwide.

Potential of next-generation imaging spectrometers to detect and quantify methane point sources from space