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. A novel, practical observation system for measuring tropospheric carbondioxide (CO2) concentrations using a non-dispersive infrared analyzercarried by a small helium-filled balloon (CO2 sonde) has beendeveloped for the first time. Vertical profiles of atmospheric CO2 canbe measured with a 240–400 m altitude resolution through regular onboardcalibrations using two different CO2 standard gases. The standarddeviations (1σ) of the measured mole fractions in the laboratoryexperiments using a vacuum chamber at a temperature of 298 K wereapproximately 0.6 ppm at 1010 hPa and 1.2 ppm at 250 hPa. Two CO2vertical profile data obtained using the CO2 sondes, which werelaunched on 31 January and 3 February 2011 at Moriya, were comparedwith the chartered aircraft data on the same days and the commercialaircraft data obtained by the Comprehensive Observation Network for TRacegases by Airliner (COTRAIL) program on the same day (31 January) and 1 d before (2 February). The difference between the CO2 sonde dataand these four sets of in situ aircraft data (over the range of each balloonaltitude ±100 m) up to the altitude of 7 km was 0.6±1.2 ppm(average ±1σ). In field experiments, the CO2 sondedetected an increase in CO2 concentration in an urban area and adecrease in a forested area near the surface. The CO2 sonde was shownto be a useful instrument for observing and monitoring the vertical profilesof CO2 concentration in the troposphere.

Development of a balloon-borne instrument for CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; vertical profile observations in the troposphere

Development of a balloon-borne instrument for CO<sub>2</sub> vertical profile observations in the troposphere