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. Most odor nuisance investigations rely on either humanolfactory examination or on-site sampling and analytical techniques, butthese methods are often subject to spatial and temporal limitations and thusimpractical for locating odor emission sources. This study developed analternative approach with a dual-optical sensing system, a meteorologicalstation, and the combination of factor and cluster analyses to identify andcharacterize emission sources of multiple air contaminants. Factor andcluster analyses were employed to establish the emission profile of multipleodorous substances from each emission source. Both receptor and sourcemonitoring data were collected to characterize the emission sources ofvarious odorous substances. Open-path Fourier transform infrared (OP-FTIR)as a receptor path detected concurrent trends of several organic solventswith concentrations higher than the reference odor threshold values,indicating that these compounds were potential causes of odor nuisance.Qualitative source apportionment by factor and cluster analyses suggestedthat these odorous substances were used as organic solvents in surfacecoating or painting processes. Closed-cell Fourier transform infrared(CC-FTIR) at two nearby surface-coating companies indicated that only onecompany's stack exhibited the same odorous substance profile found by theOP-FTIR receptor path. The major odor emission source was thus identified inthis study. This study demonstrated the feasibility of using the alternativeinvestigative framework to successfully identify emission sources from anindustrial odor nuisance site. The major emission sources were identified,and future enforcement plans can be conducted to enhance odor investigationefficiency and improve overall air quality.

atmospheric measurement techniques

Application of factor and cluster analyses to determine source–receptor relationships of industrial volatile organic odor species in a dual-optical sensing system