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. This paper describes a new discrete wavelength algorithmdeveloped for retrieving volcanic sulfur dioxide ( SO2 ) vertical columndensity (VCD) from UV observing satellites. The Multi-Satellite SO2 algorithm (MS_SO2) simultaneously retrieves column densitiesof sulfur dioxide, ozone, and Lambertian effective reflectivity (LER) and itsspectral dependence. It is used operationally to process measurements fromthe heritage Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) onboard NASA'sNimbus-7 satellite (N7/TOMS: 1978–1993) and from the current EarthPolychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC) onboard Deep Space Climate Observatory(DSCOVR: 2015–ongoing) from the Earth–Sun Lagrange (L1) orbit. Results fromMS_SO2 algorithm for several volcanic cases were assessedusing the more sensitive principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm. ThePCA is an operational algorithm used by NASA to retrieve SO2 fromhyperspectral UV spectrometers, such as the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) onboard NASA's Earth Observing System Aura satellite and Ozone Mapping andProfiling Suite (OMPS) onboard NASA–NOAA Suomi National Polar Partnership(SNPP) satellite. For this comparative study, the PCA algorithm wasmodified to use the discrete wavelengths of the Nimbus-7/TOMS instrument,described in Sect. S1 of the Supplement. Our results demonstrate goodagreement between the two retrievals for the largest volcanic eruptions ofthe satellite era, such as the 1991 Pinatubo eruption. To estimate SO2 retrieval systematic uncertainties, we use radiative transfer simulationsexplicitly accounting for volcanic sulfate and ash aerosols. Our resultssuggest that the discrete-wavelength MS_SO2 algorithm,although less sensitive than hyperspectral PCA algorithm, can be adapted toretrieve volcanic SO2 VCDs from contemporary hyperspectral UVinstruments, such as OMI and OMPS, to create consistent, multi-satellite,long-term volcanic SO2 climate data records.

atmospheric measurement techniques

A new discrete wavelength backscattered ultraviolet algorithm for consistent volcanic SO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; retrievals from multiple satellite missions