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. Improving measurements of water vapour in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) is a priority for the atmosphericscience community. In this work, UTLS water vapour profiles derived fromAtmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) satellite measurements are assessedwith coincident ground-based measurements taken at a high Arctic observatoryat Eureka, Nunavut, Canada. Additional comparisons to satellite measurementstaken by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS), Microwave LimbSounder (MLS), Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for AtmosphericCHartography (SCIAMACHY), and Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) are included to put theACE Fourier transformspectrometer (ACE-FTS) and ACE Measurement of Aerosol Extinction in theStratosphere and Troposphere Retrieved by Occultation (ACE-MAESTRO) results in context. Measurements of water vapour profiles at Eureka are made using a Bruker125HR solar absorption Fourier transform infrared spectrometer at the PolarEnvironment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL) and radiosondes launchedfrom the Eureka Weather Station. Radiosonde measurements used in this studywere processed with software developed by the Global Climate ObservingSystem (GCOS) Reference Upper-Air Network (GRUAN) to account for knownbiases and calculate uncertainties in a well-documented and consistentmanner. ACE-FTS measurements were within 11 ppmv (parts per million by volume; 13 %) of 125HR measurementsbetween 6 and 14 km. Between 8 and 14 km ACE-FTS profiles showed a small wetbias of approximately 8 % relative to the 125HR. ACE-FTS water vapourprofiles had mean differences of 13 ppmv (32 %) or better when compared tocoincident radiosonde profiles at altitudes between 6 and 14 km; meandifferences were within 6 ppmv (12 %) between 7 and 11 km. ACE-MAESTROprofiles showed a small dry bias relative to the 125HR of approximately7 % between 6 and 9 km and 10 % between 10 and 14 km. ACE-MAESTROprofiles agreed within 30 ppmv (36 %) of the radiosondes between 7 and14 km. ACE-FTS and ACE-MAESTRO comparison results show closer agreement withthe radiosondes and PEARL 125HR overall than other satellite datasets –except for AIRS. Close agreement was observed between AIRS and the 125HR andradiosonde measurements, with mean differences within 5 % and correlationcoefficients above 0.83 in the troposphere between 1 and 7 km. Comparisons to MLS at altitudes around 10 km showed a dry bias, e.g. meandifferences between MLS and radiosondes were −25.6 %. SCIAMACHYcomparisons were very limited due to minimal overlap between the verticalextent of the measurements. TES had no temporal overlap with the radiosondedataset used in this study. Comparisons between TES and the 125HR showed awet bias of approximately 25 % in the UTLS and mean differences within14 % below 5 km.

Comparison of ground-based and satellite measurements of water vapour vertical profiles over Ellesmere Island, Nunavut