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. To probe the potential value of a radar-driven field campaignto constrain simulation of isolated convection subject to a strong aerosolperturbation, convective cells observed by the operational KHGX weather radarin the vicinity of Houston, Texas, are examined individually andstatistically. Cells observed in a single case study of onshore flowconditions during July 2013 are first examined and compared with cells in aregional model simulation. Observed and simulated cells are objectivelyidentified and tracked from observed or calculated positive specificdifferential phase ( KDP ) above the melting level, which isrelated to the presence of supercooled liquid water. Several observed andsimulated cells are subjectively selected for further examination. Below themelting level, we compare sequential cross sections of retrieved andsimulated raindrop size distribution parameters. Above the melting level, weexamine time series of KDP and radar differential reflectivity( ZDR ) statistics from observations and calculated from simulatedsupercooled rain properties, alongside simulated vertical wind andsupercooled rain mixing ratio statistics. Results indicate that theoperational weather radar measurements offer multiple constraints on theproperties of simulated convective cells, with substantial value added fromderived KDP and retrieved rain properties. The value ofcollocated three-dimensional lightning mapping array measurements, which arerelatively rare in the continental US, supports the choice of Houston as asuitable location for future field studies to improve the simulation andunderstanding of convective updraft physics. However, rapid evolution ofcells between routine volume scans motivates consideration of adaptive scanstrategies or radar imaging technologies to amend operational weather radarcapabilities. A 3-year climatology of isolated cell tracks, preparedusing a more efficient algorithm, yields additional relevant information.Isolated cells are found within the KHGX domain on roughly 40 % of daysyear-round, with greatest concentration in the northwest quadrant, butroughly 5-fold more cells occur during June through September. During thisenhanced occurrence period, the cells initiate following a strong diurnalcycle that peaks in the early afternoon, typically follow a south-to-northflow, and dissipate within 1 h, consistent with the case study examples.Statistics indicate that ∼  150 isolated cells initiate and dissipatewithin 70 km of the KHGX radar during the enhanced occurrence periodannually, and roughly 10 times as many within 200 km, suitable formulti-instrument Lagrangian observation strategies. In addition to ancillarymeteorological and aerosol measurements, robust vertical wind speedretrievals would add substantial value to a radar-driven field campaign.

Use of polarimetric radar measurements to constrain simulated convective cell evolution: a pilot study with Lagrangian tracking