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. Two approaches are commonly used to simulate atmospheric aging processes inthe laboratory. The experiments are either performed in large aerosolchambers (several m 3 ) in order to achieve extended observation times orin small chambers ( 3 ), compensating for the shortobservation times by elevated reactant concentrations. We present anexperimental approach that enables long observation times at atmosphericallyrelevant reactant concentrations in small chamber volumes by operating theaerosol chamber as a continuous-flow stirred tank reactor (CSTR). Wedeveloped a mathematical framework that allows the retrieval of data beyondcalculating mean values, such as O3 exposure or equivalentatmospheric aging time, using the new metric, activation time( tact ). This concept was developed and successfully tested tocharacterize the change in cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity of sootparticles due to heterogeneous ozone oxidation. We found very good agreementbetween the experimental results and the theoretical predictions. Thisexperimental approach and data analysis concept can be applied for theinvestigation of any transition in aerosol particles properties that can beconsidered a binary system. Furthermore, we show how tact can beapplied to the analysis of data originating from other reactor types such asoxidation flow reactors (OFRs), which are widely used in atmosphericsciences. The new tact concept significantly supports theunderstanding of data acquired in OFRs, especially those from deviatingexperimental results in intercomparison campaigns.

Aging aerosol in a well-mixed continuous-flow tank reactor: an introduction of the activation time distribution