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. This paper presents vertically and zonally resolved merged ozone time seriesfrom limb measurements of the SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter forAtmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY) and the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite(OMPS) Limb Profiler (LP). In addition, we present the merging of the lattertwo data sets with zonally averaged profiles from Stratospheric Aerosol andGas Experiment (SAGE) II. The retrieval of ozone profiles from SCIAMACHY andOMPS-LP is performed using an inversion algorithm developed at the Universityof Bremen. To optimize the merging of these two time series, we use data fromthe Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) as a transfer function and we follow twoapproaches: (1) a conventional method involving the calculation ofdeseasonalized anomalies and (2) a “plain-debiasing” approach, generallynot considered in previous similar studies, which preserves the seasonalcycles of each instrument. We find a good correlation and no significantdrifts between the merged and MLS time series. Using the merged data set fromboth approaches, we apply a multivariate regression analysis to study ozonechanges in the 20–50  km range over the 2003–2018 period. Exploitingthe dense horizontal sampling of the instruments, we investigate not only thezonally averaged field, but also the longitudinally resolved long-term ozonevariations, finding an unexpected and large variability, especially at midand high latitudes, with variations of up to 3 %–5 % per decade ataltitudes around 40  km . Significant positive linear trends of about2 %–4 % per decade were identified in the upper stratosphere betweenaltitudes of 38 and 45  km at mid latitudes. This is in agreement withthe predicted recovery of upper stratospheric ozone, which is attributed toboth the adoption of measures to limit the release of halogen-containingozone-depleting substances (Montreal Protocol) and the decrease instratospheric temperature resulting from the increasing concentration ofgreenhouse gases. In the tropical stratosphere below 25  km negativebut non-significant trends were found. We compare our results with previousstudies and with short-term trends calculated over the SCIAMACHY period(2002–2012). While generally a good agreement is found, some discrepanciesare seen in the tropical mid stratosphere. Regarding the merging of SAGE IIwith SCIAMACHY and OMPS-LP, zonal mean anomalies are taken into considerationand ozone trends before and after 1997 are calculated. Negative trends above30  km are found for the 1985–1997 period, with a peak of −6  %per decade at mid latitudes, in agreement with previous studies. The increasein ozone concentration in the upper stratosphere is confirmed over the1998–2018 period. Trends in the tropical stratosphere at 30–35  km show an interesting behavior: over the 1998–2018 period a negligible trendis found. However, between 2004 and 2011 a negative long-term change isdetected followed by a positive change between 2012 and 2018. We attributethis behavior to dynamical changes in the tropical middle stratosphere.

Merging of ozone profiles from SCIAMACHY, OMPS and SAGE II observations to study stratospheric ozone changes