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. We present the development and assessment of a new flight system that uses acommercially available continuous-wave, tunable infrared laser directabsorption spectrometer to measure N2O , CO2 , CO, and H2O . When the commercial system is operated in an off-the-shelfmanner, we find a clear cabin pressure–altitude dependency for N2O , CO2 , and CO. The characteristics of this artifactmake it difficult to reconcile with conventional calibration methods. Wepresent a novel procedure that extends upon traditional calibrationapproaches in a high-flow system with high-frequency, short-duration samplingof a known calibration gas of near-ambient concentration. This approachcorrects for cabin pressure dependency as well as other sources of drift inthe analyzer while maintaining a ∼90  % duty cycle for 1 Hz sampling.Assessment and validation of the flight system with both extensive in-flightcalibrations and comparisons with other flight-proven sensors demonstrate thevalidity of this method. In-flight 1 σ precision is estimated at0.05 ppb, 0.10 ppm, 1.00 ppb, and 10 ppm for N2O , CO2 , CO, and H2O respectively, and traceability to WorldMeteorological Organization (WMO) standards (1 σ ) is 0.28 ppb,0.33 ppm, and 1.92 ppb for N2O , CO2 , and CO. We showthe system is capable of precise, accurate 1 Hz airborne observations of N2O , CO2 , CO, and H2O and highlight flightdata, illustrating the value of this analyzer for studying N2O emissions on ∼100  km spatial scales.

atmospheric measurement techniques

Testing and evaluation of a new airborne system for continuous N&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;O, CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;, CO, and H&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;O measurements: the Frequent Calibration High-performance Airborne Observation System (FCHAOS)