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. Multi-frequency range imaging (RIM) has been operated in the Chung-Livery high-frequency (VHF) radar, located on the campus of National CentralUniversity, Taiwan, since 2008. RIM processes the echo signals with a groupof closely spaced transmitting frequencies through appropriate inversionmethods to obtain high-resolution distribution of echo power in the rangedirection. This is beneficial to the investigation of the small-scalestructure embedded in dynamic atmosphere. Five transmitting frequencies wereemployed in the radar experiment for observation of the precipitatingatmosphere during the period between 21 and 23 August 2013. Using the Caponand Fourier methods, the radar echoes were synthesized to retrieve thetemporal signals at a smaller range step than the original range resolutiondefined by the pulse width, and such retrieved temporal signals were thenprocessed in the Doppler frequency domain to identify the atmosphere andprecipitation echoes. An analysis called conditional averaging was furtherexecuted for echo power, Doppler velocity, and spectral width to verify thepotential capabilities of the retrieval processing in resolving small-scaleprecipitation and atmosphere structures. Point-by-point correction of rangedelay combined with compensation of range-weighting function effect has beenperformed during the retrieval of temporal signals to improve the continuityof power spectra at gate boundaries, making the small-scale structures in thepower spectra more natural and reasonable. We examined stratiform andconvective precipitation and demonstrated their different structuredcharacteristics by means of the Capon-processed results. The new element inthis study is the implementation of RIM on spectral analysis, especially forprecipitation echoes.

High-range resolution spectral analysis of precipitation through range imaging of the Chung-Li VHF radar