English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

. In this study, we introduce new observations of sea–air fluxes of carbondioxide using the eddy covariance method. The measurements took place at theUto Atmospheric and Marine Research Station on the island of Uto in theBaltic Sea in July–October 2017. The flux measurement system is based on aclosed-path infrared gas analyzer (LI-7000, LI-COR) requiring only occasionalmaintenance, making the station capable of continuous monitoring. However,such infrared gas analyzers are prone to significant water vapor interferencein a marine environment, where CO2 fluxes are small. Two LI-7000 analyzers were run in parallel to test the effect of a sample airdrier which dampens water vapor fluctuations and a virtual impactor,included to remove liquid sea spray, both of which were attached to thesample air tubing of one of the analyzers. The systems showed closely similar( R2=0.99 ) sea–air CO2 fluxes when the latent heat flux was low, whichproved that neither the drier nor the virtual impactor perturbed the CO2 flux measurement. However, the undried measurement had a positive bias thatincreased with increasing latent heat flux, suggesting water vaporinterference. For both systems, cospectral densities between vertical wind speed and CO2 molar fraction were distributed within the expected frequency range, with amoderate attenuation of high-frequency fluctuations. While the setup equippedwith a drier and a virtual impactor generated a slightly higher flux loss, weopt for this alternative for its reduced water vapor cross-sensitivity andbetter protection against sea spray. The integral turbulence characteristicswere found to agree with the universal stability dependence observed overland. Nonstationary conditions caused unphysical results, which resulted ina high percentage (65 %) of discarded measurements. After removing thenonstationary cases, the direction of the sea–air CO2 fluxes was in goodaccordance with independently measured CO2 partial pressure differencebetween the sea and the atmosphere. Atmospheric CO2 concentration changeslarger than 2  ppm during a 30  min averaging period were foundto be associated with the nonstationarity of CO2 fluxes.

Measuring turbulent CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; fluxes with a closed-path gas analyzer in a marine environment

Measuring turbulent CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes with a closed-path gas analyzer in a marine environment