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. The application of the POLIPHON (POlarization-LIdar PHOtometer Networking)method is presented for the first time in synergy with continuous24/7 polarized Micro-Pulse Lidar (P-MPL)measurements to derive the vertical separation of two or three particlecomponents in different aerosol mixtures, and the retrieval of theirparticular optical properties. The procedureof extinction-to-mass conversion, together with an analysis of the mass extinction efficiency (MEE) parameter, is described, and the relative masscontribution of each aerosol component is also derived in a further step. Thegeneral POLIPHON algorithm is based on the specific particle lineardepolarization ratio given for different types of aerosols and can be run ineither 1-step (POL-1) or 2 steps (POL-2) versions with dependence on either the2- or 3-component separation. In order to illustrate this procedure, aerosolmixing cases observed over Barcelona (NE Spain) are selected: a dust eventon 5 July 2016, smoke plumes detected on 23 May 2016 and apollination episode observed on 23 March 2016. In particular, the 3-componentseparation is just applied for the dust case: a combined POL-1 with POL-2procedure (POL-1/2) is used, and additionally the fine-dust contribution tothe total fine mode (fine dust plus non-dust aerosols) is estimated. Thehigh dust impact before 12:00 UTC yields a mean mass loading of 0.6±0.1  g m −2 due to the prevalence of Saharan coarse-dustparticles. After that time, the mean mass loading is reduced by two-thirds,showing a rather weak dust incidence. In the smoke case, the arrival of finebiomass-burning particles is detected at altitudes as high as 7 km.The smoke particles, probably mixed with less depolarizing non-smokeaerosols, are observed in air masses, having their origin from either NorthAmerican fires or the Arctic area, as reported by HYSPLIT back-trajectoryanalysis. The particle linear depolarization ratio for smoke shows values inthe 0.10–0.15 range and even higher at given times, and the daily mean smokemass loading is 0.017±0.008  g m −2 , around 3 % of that foundfor the dust event. Pollen particles are detected up to 1.5 km in height from10:00 UTC during an intense pollination event with a particle lineardepolarization ratio ranging between 0.10 and 0.15. The maximal mass loadingof Platanus pollen particles is 0.011±0.003  g m −2 ,representing around 2 % of the dust loading during the higher dustincidence. Regarding the MEE derived for each aerosol component, their valuesare in agreement with others referenced in the literature for the specificaerosol types examined in this work: 0.5±0.1  and 1.7±0.2  m 2  g −1 are found for coarse and fine dust particles, 4.5±1.4  m 2  g −1 is derived for smoke and 2.4±0.5  m 2  g −1 for non-smoke aerosols with Arctic origin, and a MEE of 2.4±0.8  m 2  g −1 is obtainedfor pollen particles, though it can reach higher or lower values depending onpredominantly smaller or larger pollen grain sizes. Results reveal the highpotential of the P-MPL system, a simple polarization-sensitive elasticbackscatter lidar working in a 24/7 operation mode, to retrieve therelative optical and mass contributions of each aerosol component throughoutthe day, reflecting the daily variability of their properties. In fact, thisprocedure can be simply implemented in other P-MPLs that also operate within theworldwide Micro-Pulse Lidar Network (MPLNET), thus extending the aerosoldiscrimination at a global scale. Moreover, the method has the advantage of alsobeing relatively easily applicable to space-borne lidars with an equivalentconfiguration such as the ongoing Cloud-Aerosol LIdar with OrthogonalPolarization (CALIOP) on board NASA CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and InfraredPathfinder Satellite Observation) and the forthcoming AtmosphericLidar (ATLID) on board the ESA EarthCARE mission.

atmospheric measurement techniques

Separation of the optical and mass features of particle components in different aerosol mixtures by using POLIPHON retrievals in synergy with continuous polarized Micro-Pulse Lidar (P-MPL) measurements