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. We present a measurement campaign to address several error sources associatedwith rainfall estimates from microwave links in cellular communicationnetworks. The core of the experiment is provided by three co-locatedmicrowave links installed between two major buildings on opposite sides ofthe small town of Wageningen, approximately 2 km apart: a 38 GHz formerlycommercial microwave link, as well as 26 and 38 GHz (dual-polarization)research microwave links. Transmitting and receiving antennas have beenattached to masts installed on the roofs of the two buildings, about 30 mabove the ground. This setup was complemented with an infrared large-aperturescintillometer, installed over the same path, as well as five laserdisdrometers positioned at several locations along the path and an automatedrain gauge. Temporal sampling of the received signals was performed at a rateof 20 Hz. The setup was monitored by time-lapse cameras to assess the stateof the antennas as well as the atmosphere. The experiment was active betweenAugust 2014 and December 2015. Data from an existing automated weatherstation situated just outside Wageningen was further used to compare and tointerpret the findings. In addition to presenting the experiment, we alsoconduct a preliminary global analysis and show several cases highlighting thedifferent phenomena affecting received signal levels: rainfall, solidprecipitation, temperature, fog, antenna wetting due to rain or dew, andclutter. We also briefly explore cases where several phenomena play a role. Arainfall intensity ( R ) – specific attenuation ( k ) relationship wasderived from the disdrometer data. We find that a basic rainfall retrievalalgorithm without corrections already provides a reasonable correlation torainfall as measured by the disdrometers. However, there are strongsystematic overestimations (factors of 1.2–2.1) which cannot be attributedto the R – k relationship. We observe attenuations in the order of 3 dBdue to antenna wetting under fog or dew conditions. We also observefluctuations of a similar magnitude related to changes in temperature. Theresponse of different makes of microwave antennas to many of these phenomenais significantly different even under the exact same operating conditions andconfigurations.

A measurement campaign to assess sources of error in microwave link rainfall estimation