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. Despite turbulence being a fundamental transport process in the boundarylayer, the capability of current numerical models to represent it isundermined by the limits of the adopted assumptions, notably that of localequilibrium. Here we leverage the potential of extensive observations indetermining the variability in turbulence dissipation rate (ϵ).These observations can provide insights towards the understanding of thescales at which the major assumption of local equilibrium between generationand dissipation of turbulence is invalid. Typically, observations ofϵ require time- and labor-intensive measurements from sonic and/orhot-wire anemometers. We explore the capability of wind Doppler lidars toprovide measurements of ϵ. We refine and extend an existing methodto accommodate different atmospheric stability conditions. To validate ourapproach, we estimate ϵ from four wind Doppler lidars during the3-month XPIA campaign at the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory (Colorado), andwe assess the uncertainty of the proposed method by data intercomparisonwith sonic anemometer measurements of ϵ. Our analysis of thisextensive dataset provides understanding of the climatology of turbulencedissipation over the course of the campaign. Further, the variability inϵ with atmospheric stability, height, and wind speed is alsoassessed. Finally, we present how ϵ increases as nocturnalturbulence is generated during low-level jet events.

Estimation of turbulence dissipation rate and its variability from sonic anemometer and wind Doppler lidar during the XPIA field campaign